Improvement in valves for steam-hammers



NITED STATES PATENT Onrrcn DAVID JOY, OF MIDDLESBROUGH, COUNTY OFYORKSHIRE, ENGLAND.

IMPROVEMENTIN VALVES FOR STEAM-HAMMERS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 59,524. dated November6, 1866.

To all 'whom it may concern Be it known that I, DAVID JOY, ofMiddlesbrough-on-Tees, England, have invented a had tothe accompanyingdrawings, forming part of this speciiication, in which- Figure lrepresents a rear elevation of this invention. Fig. 2 is a verticalcentral section ofthe same. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same whenthe cylinder is detached. Fig. 4L is a transverse section of thecylinder and valve-chest.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

This invention relates to a steam-hammer the cylinder of which issimilar to that of anv ordinary steam-engine, the piston having areciprocating motion given to it by the pressure of a column of steam orother duid admitted alternately at the top and bottom of the piston bysuitable passages.

The admission of the steam or water to the cylinder is regulated by avalve composed of four pistons, which connect with each other by meansof a tubular stem. Said pistons, instead of being moved by tappets andeccentrics, are actuated by the pressure of the steam or water itself,the ingress and egress of which is regulated by a suitable cock orvalve. The plug of this cock is operated either by hand or by the actionof the engine, and it is so arranged that it can be adjusted in its seatfor the purpose of regulating the effective area of the ports, andconsequently the speed of the engine. The length ofthe stroke of myengine is regulated by an adjustable piston and apertures leading to thelower portion of the cylinder, whereby the time when the valve changescan be adj usted at pleasure.

A represents a cylinder, which is bored out to receive the piston B. Thecylinder is placed in a vertical position, and from the piston extendsthe rod C through a'stufing-box in the lower head of the cylinder. Onthe end of the piston-rod the hammer D is secured, which is intended toac t on articles placed on the anvil E. The motion of the piston in thecylinder is produced by the action of steam, (or water or other fluid,if desired,) which is admitted and exhausted alternately through ports aa'. rIhese ports extend from the valve-chamber F to the opposite ends ofthe cylinder, similar to the ports of an ordinary steam-cylinder, andthe steam or other iiuid is admitted through a pipe, b, and it exhauststhrough a pipe, b. The valve-chamber F is boredout round to receive thepiston-valve G, which moves freely inthe same, being provided with aground or packed joint, as may be desirable. Said piston-valve isprovided with four heads, c d ef, two at the ends and two between, asclearly shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, and the rod or shank gconnecting these heads is hollow, and provided with small apertures h hbetween the heads c d and e f, and with holes 'i passing through theheads c and f. Through these holes and the tubular shank g the two endsof the valve-chamber are made to communicate with each other, and thepressure on both ends of the valve is equalized. The heads c d e f ofthe valve are so disposed that by moving the valve in its chamber thesupply and ex.- haust pipes b b are alternately brought to communicatewith the ports a M -for instance, in the position which the valve goccupies in Fig. 2, the port a receives steam or water through theannular space x between the heads d e, and the port a exhausts throughthe annular space between the heads ef. If the valve is moved down so asto bring the port a between the heads l e and the port a, between theheads c d, the cylinder takes water or steam through the port a', and itexhausts through the port a, which in that case communicates with theexhaust-pipe b through the holes h between the heads c d, the tubularshank g, and the holes h between the heads cf.

The supply of steam or'water to the valvechamber and to the cylinder isregulated bya stop-cock, H, which is set by means of a lever, I.Said-stop-cock is iitted into the supply-pipe so as to take steam orwater from the end, and it is provided with a rectangular slot, jthrough which the steam or water passes into the valvechamber wheneverthe slot j or any portion thereof coincides with a slot, 7c, in thevalvechest cover. A screw and nut, l, serve to adjust the cock H in alongitudinal direction, so

that the effective area of the slot j is enlarged or diminished, and thequantity of steam or water or other lluid can be regulated at pleasure.

The lever I is set by hand, or it may be made self-adjusting by anysuitable contrivancesuch, forinstance, as apneumatic lever-whereby thesupply of steam or water to the cylinder can be made to regulate itselfaccording to the force of the blows. The motion of the valve is effectedby the action of the steam or other `down to its lowest position. Thesteam is thereby changed and the piston raised until it passes thechannel m', and allows the steam from the lower part of the cylinder toenter below the valve, causing the same to change its position and toadmit steam into the upper part of the cylinder. The length of thestroke of the piston is regulated by giving to the channel m two or moreoutlets in the cylinder at different levels, and by combining with saidchannel apiston or plunger, o, which is adjustable by a hand-lever, p.If this plunger is lowered so as to uncover all the outlets of thechannelm, thepistonB rises until it has passed the lowest outlet of thechannel mf, when the steam, rushing through said channel, causes y thevalve G to change.

lf the plunger ois raised, so that one-or more of the outlets of thechannel m are covered, the stroke of the piston B willbe increasedaccordingly; and if the plunger is pushed up to its highest position thepiston B rises until it passes the channel mit before the valve changes.

In large hammers it is desirable to let the steam act on the pistonuntil the hammer strikes, so as to increase the force of the blows, andin that case the channel m is so arranged that it can be opened andclosed by means of a valve or stop-cock which is under the control ofthe operator.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters l?atent, is-

1. In hammers where steam or other fluid which actuates the hammer isused to move the valve without the use of levers, cams, tappets, orlinks, regulating the action of the valve so moved by the early or lateopening of the port or hole admitting the pressure upon it by means ofslides o, substantially as described.

2. Regulating the force of the blow of the hammer by means of the holesm* in the cylinder and valve-chest and the channel which connects them,substantially as described.

DAVID JOY.

Witnesses:

JosEPn WETHERELL, JOHN HART.

